1- The bone matrix is composed of an extremely complex network of collagen protein fibers impregnated with mineral salts that include calcium phosphate (85%), calcium carbonate (10%), and small amounts of calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride (5%).

    Yes     No

2- When osteoblasts have successfully formed bone matrix and then become embedded in it, they transform into osteoclasts.

    Yes     No

3- Osteoblasts are the cells responsible for bone resorption, and their activity is controlled by parathyroid hormone.

    Yes     No

4-Osteoblasts that do not become embedded in newly formed bone, but instead adhere to the outer bone surfaces when formation halts are called platelets.

    Yes     No

5-At the microscopic level, there are four types of bone: woven, composite, lamellar, and bundle.

    Yes     No

6- BMP, regulate how bone is laid down and maintained

    Yes     No

7- Osseointegration refers to direct bone anchorage to the implant body, which can provide a foundation to support prosthesis and can transmit occlusal forces directly to the bone.

    Yes      No

8-Biologic process of implant osseointegration includes: Osteo phyllic phase, Osteo conductive phase, Osteo adaptive Phase.

    Yes     No

9-The greater the materials porosity, the more scaffolding it provides for new bone growth and the more quickly it is resorbed.The more crystalline the graft, the slower its resorption rate. Hence, amorphous grafts resorb more quickly than crystalline grafts.

    Yes     No

10-The lower the osteogenic potential of the defect and of the patient, the greater the amount of autogenous bone required

    Yes     No

11-Membrane exposure after surgery can lead to bacterial growth, alteration of fibroblasts morphology, and migration, all of which may jeopardize the success of the regeneration process.

    Yes     No

12-One collagen product, Colla Tape, has been used for major oral wounds, to close grafts sites, and to repair schneiderian membranes. Its benefits include controlling bleeding and stabilizing blood clots, protecting wound beds, and providing a matrix for tissue in growth associated with GTR. It fully resorbs in 3months.

    Yes     No

13-Medical-grade calcium sulfate, commonly known as plaster of Paris, has been used after immediate implant placement as part of a bone graft placed around the implants.

    Yes     No

14-Accelullar dermal Allografts undergo a processs of epithelialization and decellularization to eliminate the targets of rejection response, leaving an immunologically inert avascular connective tissue. Dermal allografts have been successfully used for the treatment of third-degree burns and are currently used as a barrier membrane for mucogingival defects, for formation of attached gingival tissue and for soft tissue development around dental implants and as a biologic bandage after osseous resection. 

    Yes     No

15-Porphyromonas gingivalis cells do not pass through any of the resorbable and nonresorbable membranes analyzed at 48 hours.

     Yes      No

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