smoking and Implants
2012-04-29 15:56:30

Tobacco Use & Endosseous Implant Failures

 

 

The health effects of tobacco use can be summarized as following:

  • Nicotine exhibit a profound vasoconstrictor effect on blood vessels, causing disrupting the healing processes of hard and soft tissues.

  • It increases palatal adhesiveness, which in turn causes thrombotic microvascular occlusion with resulting ischemia, and reduces the proliferation of blood cells, firbroblast and macrophages.

  • Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide decreases the oxygen available, and hence slow healing.

  • Smokers have a higher incidence and greater severity of periodontal / peri-implantitis. Though information is limited on implants and smoking.

  • Bain and Moy found that 590 implants placed in smokers, 11% failed compared with 4.8% in non-smokers.

  • De Bruyn & Collaert found 31% early implant failures in fixtures placed in the maxilla in smokers.

  • Tobacco may reduce the capacity of bone to repair during the healing period.

  • Continued use of tobacco reduces the ability of the bone to repair damage that occurs during clinical use.

  • The deleterious effects of smoking can be minimized if smoking stopped for four weeks.

  • HA-coated implants have advantage over other in smokers.

  • Preoperative antibiotic use reduces failure.

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From a data collection on 1000 patients over a 8 year period from 1997-2005 patients in a private sector in Oral Implantology Medical Centre (OIMC), Dubai-UAE they extrapolated that 42 per cent of UAE residents above 65 years of age are totally toothless and 30% per cent of people above age 30 suffer from partial tooth loss necessitating one or more implants. In another questionnaire given to the UAE public sector (by us) out of 1000 participant 50.7% preferred dental implants on any other treatment, 37.2% preferred fixed bridges and 12.1% preferred removable dentures.
 
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